Placenta
Volume 29 , Pages 152-159 , October 2008

Pregnancy and Assisted Reproduction Techniques in Men and Women after Cancer Treatment

  • T. Gurgan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
    • ,
  • C. Salman

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
    • ,
  • A. Demirol

      Affiliations

    • Infertility and IVF Center, CLINIC Women Health, Çankaya caddesi, 20/3, Çankaya, 06680 Ankara, Turkey
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +90 312 442 7404; fax: +90 312 442 7407.

,Accepted 17 July 2008.

References 

  1. Müller J. Impact of cancer therapy on the reproductive axis. Horm Res. 2003;59(Suppl. 1):12–20
  2. Blatt J. Pregnancy outcome in long-term survivors of childhood cancer. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1999;33:29–33
  3. Arnon J, Meirow D, Lewis-Roness H, Ornoy A. Genetic and teratogenic effects of cancer treatments on gametes and embryos. Hum Reprod Update. 2001;7:394–403
  4. Maltaris T, Koelbl H, Seufert R, Kiesewetter F, Beckmann MW, Mueller A, et al. Gonadal damage and options for fertility preservation in female and male cancer survivors. Asian J Androl. 2006;8:515–533
  5. Lo Presti A, Ruvolo G, Gancitano RA, Cittadini E. Ovarian function following radiation and chemotherapy for cancer. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2004;113(Suppl. 1):S33–S40
  6. Meirow D, Nugent D. The effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on female reproduction. Hum Reprod Update. 2001;7:535–543
  7. Meirow D. Ovarian injury and modern options to preserve fertility in female cancer patients treated with high dose radio-chemotherapy for hemato-oncological neoplasias and other cancers. Leuk Lymphoma. 1999;33:65–76
  8. Oktem O, Oktay K. Quantitative assessment of the impact of chemotherapy on ovarian follicle reserve and stromal function. Cancer. 2007;110:2222–2229
  9. Bines J, Oleske DM, Cobleigh MA. Ovarian function in premenopausal women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14:1718–1729
  10. Howell S, Shalet S. Gonadal damage from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1998;27:927–943
  11. Zanetta G, Bonazzi C, Cantù M, Binidagger S, Locatelli A, Bratina G, et al. Survival and reproductive function after treatment of malignant germ cell ovarian tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:1015–1020
  12. Reyno LM, Levine MN, Skingley P, Arnold A, Abu Zahra H. Chemotherapy induced amenorrhoea in a randomised trial of adjuvant chemotherapy duration in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 1992;29:21–23
  13. Boumpas DT, Austin HA, Vaughan EM, Yarboro CH, Klippel JH, Balow JE. Risk for sustained amenorrhea in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving intermittent pulse cyclophosphamide therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:366–369
  14. Clayton PE, Shalet SM, Price DA, Jones PH. Ovarian function following chemotherapy for childhood brain tumours. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1989;17:92–96
  15. Distler W, Kuhreke H, Jurgens H, Graf M. Puberty and ovarian function following cytostatic therapy in childhood. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1986;46:237–241
  16. Fisher B, Cheung AY. Delayed effect of radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy on ovarian function in women with Hodgkin's disease. Acta Radiol Oncol. 1984;23:43–48
  17. Brumenfeld Z, Haim N. Prevention of gonadal damage during cytotoxic therapy. Ann Med. 1997;29:199–206
  18. Lee CJ, Park HH, Do BR, Yoon Y, Kim JK. Natural and radiation-induced degeneration of primordial and primary follicles in mouse ovary. Anim Reprod Sci. 2000;59:109–117
  19. Wallace WH, Thomson AB, Saran F, Kelsey TW. Predicting age of ovarian failure after radiation to a field that includes the ovaries. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;62:738–744
  20. Hermann T. Radiation reactions in the gonad: importance in patient counselling. Strahlenther Onkol. 1997;173:493
  21. Thibaud E, Rodriguez-Macias K, Trivin C, Espérou H, Michon J, Brauner R. Ovarian function after bone marrow transplantation during childhood. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1998;21:287–290
  22. Hamre MR, Robison LL, Nesbit ME, Sather HN, Meadows AT, Ortega JA, et al. Effects of radiation on ovarian function in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 1987;5:1759–1765
  23. Stillman RJ, Schinfeld JS, Schiff I, Gelber RD, Greenberger J, Larson M, et al. Ovarian failure in long-term survivors of childhood malignancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1981;139:62–66
  24. Simon B, Lee SJ, Partridge AH, Runowicz CD. Preserving fertility after cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005;55:211–228
  25. Agarwal A, Said TM. Implications of systemic malignancies on human fertility. Reprod Biomed Online. 2004;9:673–679
  26. Shabbir M, Morgan RJ. Testicular cancer. J R Soc Health. 2004;124:217–218
  27. Paduch DA. Testicular cancer and male infertility. Curr Opin Urol. 2006;16:419–427
  28. Petersen PM, Giwercman A, Skakkebaek NE, Rørth M. Gonadal function in men with testicular cancer. Semin Oncol. 1998;25:224–233
  29. Centola GM, Keller JW, Henzler M, Rubin P. Effect of low dose testicular irradiation on sperm count and fertility in patients with testicular seminoma. J Androl. 1994;15:608–613
  30. Socié G, Salooja N, Cohen A, Rovelli A, Carreras E, Locasciulli A, et al. Late Effects Working Party of the European Study Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Nonmalignant late effects after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2003;101:3373–3385
  31. Howell SJ, Shalet SM. Spermatogenesis after cancer treatment: damage and recovery. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2005;34:12–17
  32. Martin RH, Hildebrand K, Yamamoto J, Rademaker A, Barnes M, Douglas G, et al. An increased frequency of human sperm chromosomal abnormalities after radiotherapy. Mutat Res. 1986;174:219–225
  33. Brougham MF, Kelnar CJ, Sharpe RM, Wallace HB. Male fertility following childhood cancer: current concepts and future therapies. Asian J Androl. 2003;5:325–337
  34. Thomson AB, Campbell AJ, Irvine DC, Anderson RA, Kelnar CJ, Wallace WH. Semen quality and spermatozoal DNA integrity in survivors of childhood cancer: a case-control study. Lancet. 2002;360:361–367
  35. Yarali H, Demirol A, Bukulmez O, Coskun F, Gurgan T. Laparoscopic high lateral transposition of both ovaries before pelvic irradiation. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 2000;7:237–239
  36. Blumenfeld Z, Avivi I, Eckman A, Epelbaum R, Rowe JM, Dann EJ. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist decreases chemotherapy-induced gonadotoxicity and premature ovarian failure in young female patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Fertil Steril. 2008;89:166–173
  37. Huser M, Crha I, Ventruba P, Hudecek R, Zakova J, Smardova L, et al. Prevention of ovarian function damage by a GnRH analogue during chemotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Hum Reprod. 2008;23:863–868
  38. Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine . Fertility preservation and reproduction in cancer patients. Fertil Steril. 2005;83:1622–1628
  39. Donnez J, Martinez-Madrid B, Jadoul P, Van Langendonckt A, Demylle D, Dolmans MM. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation: a review. Hum Reprod Update. 2006;12:519–535
  40. Lornage J, Salle B. Ovarian and oocyte cryopreservation. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2007;19:390–394
  41. Chian RC, Gilbert L, Huang JY, Demirtas E, Holzer H, Benjamin A, et al. Live birth after vitrification of in vitro matured human oocytes. Fertil Steril. 2008;doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.088
  42. Huang JY, Tulandi T, Holzer H, Tan SL, Chian RC. Combining ovarian tissue cryobanking with retrieval of immature oocytes followed by in vitro maturation and vitrification: an additional strategy of fertility preservation. Fertil Steril. 2008;89:567–572
  43. Donnez J, Dolmans MM, Demylle D, Jadoul P, Pirard C, Squifflet J, et al. Livebirth after orthotopic transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue. Lancet. 2004;364:1405–1410
  44. Meirow D, Levron J, Eldar-Geva T, Hardan I, Fridman E, Zalel Y, et al. Pregnancy after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in a patient with ovarian failure after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:318–321
  45. Sanger WG, Olson JH, Sherman JK. Semen cryobanking for men with cancer-criteria change. Fertil Steril. 1992;58:1024–1027
  46. Shin D, Lo KC, Lipshultz LI. Treatment options for the infertile male with cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2005;34:48–50
  47. Kuczyński W, Dhont M, Grygoruk C, Grochowski D, Wołczyński S, Szamatowicz M. The outcome of intracytoplasmic injection of fresh and cryopreserved ejaculated spermatozoa—a prospective randomized study. Hum Reprod. 2001;16:2109–2113
  48. Carson SA, Gentry WL, Smith AL, Buster JE. Feasibility of semen collection and cryopreservation during chemotherapy. Hum Reprod. 1991;6:992–994
  49. Orwig KE, Schlatt S. Cryopreservation and transplantation of spermatogonia and testicular tissue for preservation of male fertility. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2005;34:51–56
  50. Brinster RL, Zimmermann JW. Spermatogenesis following male germ-cell transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:11298–11302
  51. Keros V, Hultenby K, Borgström B, Fridström M, Jahnukainen K, Hovatta O. Methods of cryopreservation of testicular tissue with viable spermatogonia in pre-pubertal boys undergoing gonadotoxic cancer treatment. Hum Reprod. 2007;22:1384–1395
  52. Tesarik J, Bahceci M, Ozcan C, Greco E, Mendoza C. Restoration of fertility by in-vitro spermatogenesis. Lancet. 1999;353:555–556
  53. Daley GQ. Gametes from embryonic stem cells: a cup half empty or half full?. Science. 2007;316:409–410
  54. Sonoda Y, Abu-Rustum NR, Gemignani ML, Chi DS, Brown CL, Poynor EA, et al. A fertility-sparing alternative to radical hysterectomy: how many patients may be eligible?. Gynecol Oncol. 2004;95:534–538
  55. Abu-Rustum NR, Sonoda Y, Black D, Levine DA, Chi DS, Barakat RR. Fertility-sparing radical abdominal trachelectomy for cervical carcinoma: technique and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol. 2006;103:807–813
  56. Roy M, Plante M. Pregnancies after radical vaginal trachelectomy for early-stage cervical cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179(6 Pt 1):1491–1496
  57. Boss EA, van Golde RJ, Beerendonk CC, Massuger LF. Pregnancy after radical trachelectomy: a real option?. Gynecol Oncol. 2005;99(3 Suppl. 1):S152–S156
  58. Plante M, Renaud MC, François H, Roy M. Vaginal radical trachelectomy: an oncologically safe fertility-preserving surgery. An updated series of 72 cases and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol. 2004;94:614–623
  59. Evans-Metcalf ER, Brooks SE, Reale FR, Baker SP. Profile of women 45 years of age and younger with endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;91:349–354
  60. Yang YC, Wu CC, Chen CP, Chang CL, Wang KL. Reevaluating the safety of fertility-sparing hormonal therapy for early endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2005;99:287–293
  61. Gotlieb WH, Beiner ME, Shalmon B, Korach Y, Segal Y, Zmira N, et al. Outcome of fertility-sparing treatment with progestins in young patients with endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102:718–725
  62. Demirol A, Bahce M, Ayhan A, Gurgan T. Pregnancy following intracytoplasmic sperm injection and preimplantation genetic diagnosis after the conservative management of endometrial cancer. Reprod Biomed Online. 2005;10:770–773
  63. Gurgan T, Bozdag G, Demirol A, Ayhan A. Preserving fertility before assisted reproduction in women with endometrial carcinoma: case report and literature review. Reprod Biomed Online. 2007;15:561–565
  64. Gershenson DM. Fertility-sparing surgery for malignancies in women. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2005;34:43–47
  65. Gershenson DM. Management of ovarian germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:2938–2943
  66. Schneider DT, Calaminus G, Wessalowski R, Pathmanathan R, Selle B, Sternschulte W, et al. Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors in children and adolescents. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2357–2363
  67. Barakat RR. Borderline tumors of the ovary. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1994;21:93–105
  68. Bjorge T, Engeland A, Hansen S, Trope CG. Trends in the incidence of ovarian cancer and borderline tumours in Norway, 1954-1993. Int J Cancer. 1997;71:780–786
  69. Swanton A, Bankhead CR, Kehoe S. Pregnancy rates after conservative treatment for borderline ovarian tumours: a systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007;135:3–7
  70. Zanetta G, Chiari S, Rota S, Bratina G, Maneo A, Torri V, et al. Conservative surgery for stage I ovarian carcinoma in women of childbearing age. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997;104:1030–1035
  71. Schilder JM, Thompson AM, DePriest PD, Ueland FR, Cibull ML, Kryscio RJ, et al. Outcome of reproductive age women with stage IA or IC invasive epithelial ovarian cancer treated with fertility-sparing therapy. Gynecol Oncol. 2002;87:1–7
  72. Jemal A, Tiwari RC, Murray T, Ghafoor A, Samuels A, Ward E, et al. American Cancer Society. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2004;2004(54):8–29
  73. McCarthy NJ. Care of the breast cancer survivor: increased survival rates present a new set of challenges. Postgrad Med. 2004;116:39–40
  74. Gadducci A, Cosio S, Genazzani AR. Ovarian function and childbearing issues in breast cancer survivors. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2007;23:625–631
  75. Recchia F, Saggio G, Amiconi G, Di Blasio A, Cesta A, Candeloro G, et al. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues added to adjuvant chemotherapy protect ovarian function and improve clinical outcomes in young women with early breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2006;106:514–523
  76. Del Mastro L, Catzeddu T, Boni L, Bell C, Sertoli MR, Bighin C, et al. Prevention of chemotherapy-induced menopause by temporary ovarian suppression with goserelin in young, early breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 2006;17:74–78
  77. Cuzick J, Ambroisine L, Davidson N, Jakesz R, Kaufmann M, Regan M, et al. LHRH-agonists in Early Breast Cancer Overview group Use of luteinising-hormone-releasing hormone agonists as adjuvant treatment in premenopausal patients with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised adjuvant trials. Lancet. 2007;369:1711–1723
  78. Oktay K, Hourvitz A, Sahin G, Oktem O, Safro B, Cil A, et al. Letrozole reduces estrogen and gonadotropin exposure in women with breast cancer undergoing ovarian stimulation before chemotherapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:3885–3890
  79. Oktay K, Buyuk E, Libertella N, Akar M, Rosenwaks Z. Fertility preservation in breast cancer patients: a prospective controlled comparison of ovarian stimulation with tamoxifen and letrozole for embryo cryopreservation. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:4347–4353
  80. Gemignani ML, Petrek JA. Pregnancy after breast cancer. Cancer Control. 1999;6:272–276
  81. Kesic V. Fertility after the treatment of gynecologic tumors. Recent Results Cancer Res. 2008;178:79–95
  82. Meirow D, Epstein M, Lewis H, Nugent D, Gosden RG. Administration of cyclophosphamide at different stages of follicular maturation in mice: effects on reproductive performance and fetal malformations. Hum Reprod. 2001;16:632–637

PII: S0143-4004(08)00212-9

doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.07.007

Placenta
Volume 29 , Pages 152-159 , October 2008

Article Tools