Autophagic and Apoptotic Cell Death in Amniotic Epithelial Cells

Shen, Z.-Y.; Li, E.-M.; Lu, S.-Q.; Shen, J.; Cai, Y.-M.; Wu, Y.-E.; Zheng, R.-M.; Tan, L.-J.; Xu, L.-Y.

doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2008.09.001

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Volume 29, Issue 11 , Pages 956-961, November 2008

Autophagic and Apoptotic Cell Death in Amniotic Epithelial Cells

Z.-Y. Shen
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Medical College of Shantou University, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
E.-M. Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
S.-Q. Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515041, China
J. Shen
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Medical College of Shantou University, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
Y.-M. Cai
- Experimental Center, First Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
Y.-E. Wu
- Experimental Center, First Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
R.-M. Zheng
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Medical College of Shantou University, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
L.-J. Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
L.-Y. Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Medical College of Shantou University, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 754 88900464; fax: +86 754 88900847.

Accepted 2 September 2008. published online 16 October 2008.

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to determine if autophagic cell death is associated with apoptosis and whether it participates in the process of term amniotic rupture. Forty pieces of fresh term amnions, including twenty from a position near the margin of the placentas and twenty from the margin of the naturally ruptured part of the placentas in term gestation were collected, respectively. The amnions were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and amniotic epithelial (AE) cells were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Autophagic and apoptotic cell death (PCD) were assayed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) or flow cytometry using monodansylcadaverin (MDC) and propidium iodide (PI) stain. BCL₂ and BAX were examined by immunoblotting. Under SEM the amniotic epithelia appeared normal in the position near the placenta. They had an atrophied appearance in the margin of their natural broken parts. In the AE cells PCD was divided into three subtypes by TEM: autophagic cell death with positive stains of MDC and PI; apoptotic cell death; and the mixed type. Quantitative detection showed that there were more death cells, including autophagic and apoptotic, in the AE cells near the ruptured parts than near the placentas. An increased expression of BAX and a decreased expression of BCL₂ protein in the AE cells near the broken margin were observed. Apoptotic and autophagic cell death by the intrinsic pathway are the basic event in the AE cell and they are involved in the cause of membrane rupture of the human amnion in term gestation.

Keywords: Amnion, Autophagy, Apoptosis, Programmed cell death, BCL₂ and BAX