The Frequency and Clinical Significance of Intra-Uterine Infection and Inflammation in Patients with Placenta Previa and Preterm Labor and Intact Membranes

Abstract 

Objective

Histologic placental and/or intra-amniotic inflammation is frequently documented during ascending intra-uterine infections in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Placenta previa can be a clinical situation that shows the successive schema of histologic placental and intra-amniotic inflammation during the process of ascending intra-uterine infections. However, a paucity of information exists about the frequency and clinical significance of intra-uterine infections and inflammation in patients with placenta previa and preterm labor and intact membranes. The purpose of this study was to examine this issue.

Study design

Amniocentesis was performed on 42 patients with placenta previa and preterm labor and intact membranes (gestational age<37 weeks). Amniotic fluid (AF) was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and genital mycoplasmas, and AF white blood cell (WBC) count and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) concentrations were determined. The diagnosis of intra-amniotic inflammation was made in patients with an elevated AF MMP-8 (≥23ng/ml). Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis.

Results

1) Intra-amniotic inflammation was present in 16.7% (7/42), proven AF infection in 4.9% (2/41), and histologic chorioamnionitis in 19.0% (8/42) of patients with placenta previa and preterm labor; 2) Patients with intra-amniotic inflammation had significantly higher rates of a positive AF culture, histologic chorioamnionitis, funisitis, and a shorter interval-to-delivery than those without intra-amniotic inflammation (p<0.05 for each); 3) Among patients with histologic chorioamnionitis, inflammation of the choriodecidua, which was exposed to the cervical canal, existed in all cases (8/8), but inflammation of the chorionic plate existed in 63% of patients (5/8); 4) Patients with inflammation of the chorionic plate had significantly higher median AF MMP-8 concentrations and WBC counts, and higher rates of intra-amniotic inflammation than those in whom inflammation was restricted to choriodecidua (p<0.05 for each).

Conclusions

Placental inflammation was present in 19.0% and intra-amniotic inflammation was present in 16.7% of patients with placenta previa and preterm labor and intact membranes. The intra-amniotic inflammatory response was stronger when inflammation was present in the chorionic plate and choriodecidua, than when it was restricted to the choriodecidua only, which was exposed to the cervical canal in placenta previa.

The intra-amniotic inflammatory response was stronger when inflammation was present in the chorionic plate (as well as choriodecidua), than when it was restricted to the choriodecidua only, which was exposed to the cervical canal in placenta previa.

Keywords: Placenta previa, Preterm labor, Intra-amniotic inflammation, Histologic chorioamnionitis